Doc Leo, you there or Sabrina? The recording start Where you started. Thank you so much. Yeah, I see. OK, perfect. So I would like to welcome everybody who is here at our meaningful inclusion subcommittee meeting tonight. Um, thank you all for coming. We have a wonderful presentation coming up. Um, my name is Ellen Kay, and I am the chair of the Meaningful Inclusion Committee. Um, I have been doing this now for 2 years, and I really believe in meaningful inclusion, um, having everybody represented and everybody, um, has a chance to be included and, uh, have, have the right to be educated with their typical same age peers. I believe in that very strongly, um. I would like to give the district people here a chance to introduce themselves. We have two people that I know of, and if there's anybody else, um, so Doc Leo and Sabrina Schei, would you please introduce yourselves and let the, let the who and whoever else may be here and let the people uh who are here know what your position is in the district and what you do. So, hello, good evening, um, and welcome. I'm happy to be able to be here and participate. My, my name is Sabrina Shii, and I am the director for ESC curriculum and school support and under under my division or my part of the division, we do focus on inclusion and inclusive practices, and, um, Doctor Leo, who's gonna be joining us next really spearheads that work um as the supervisor. Hey everyone, sorry I haven't camera. Um, I'm in my car waiting for my daughter, so, uh, I do wanna say thank you to everyone for being here. Um, it's a pleasure working along with Ellen K. Um, I think we'll have some updates from the district in terms of our inclusion rates and our inclusion champion initiative, and any questions you might have for us. So looking forward to the presentation and, uh, hearing all the good information that will be presented. Thank you. OK, so before district updates, what I would like to do is just set some ground rules. I appreciate everybody who is here. Um, please keep your microphones on mute and your cameras off because that does draw from the um presenters. Um, if you have questions later on, we'll keep an eye on hands, uh, raised, or we'll have, uh, an opportunity for you to be able to, um, ask questions. That's not gonna be a problem. Also, if you have any questions, um, this is Really for systemic issues later on if you have any questions of district people. If you have any personal questions, I put a link in the chat. Um, if you take a look at it, it says forms office, and if you click on that link, you can fill out that form about a personal, if you have something personal going on with your child, and that will get to the district and the district will respond to you within 24 to 48 hours. So, um, all of those issues, um, can be dealt with by the district, um, for personal, but systemic you can ask the questions, OK? Um, Sabrina or Doc Leo, if you would like to just fill in on any of the district updates, we'd appreciate it. So thank you very much. No, I know, uh, Leo will probably share. I'll just share from, uh, mine that, um, and Leo, I hope I'm not stepping on your toes with any of the things I'm sharing in the district update, but, um, I know that we did just work on our district Bie recently, uh, where we have set some, uh, inclusion standards. So we're working to, uh, really Look at those steps that we're gonna be working towards to be able to meet those goals, um, and that's a 3 year plan so we're excited about that opportunity and also this time uh we are looking at expanding our um pilot program that we started in middle school. um, we're expanding this is like an opportunity for students to. Um, some, some uh be able to participate in a co-teaching model, which Ellen has shared some information about that in previous, um, meeting, but we are actually expanding to high school, which we're really excited that, um, most of our models for our first few high schools will be that that true co-teaching model. So we're looking forward to those opportunities. Yes, we're so excited about it and just looking forward to continuing the good work alongside, and we really appreciate Ellen. Um, and the work she's doing, and we appreciate working alongside her, so thank you. OK. Yeah, you definitely stepped up, you definitely stepped on my toes, Sabrina, so I'm not sure what to say and after that, no, um. Um, I do want to just kind of add on top of the school district Bie, uh, that we just, um, we met as a, as with all stakeholders, families, teachers, um, administrators to really figure out a three-year plan to help our inclusion rates and support students with disabilities. So we're looking forward to, um, to meeting those goals and making improvements. Excuse me, we are also our inclusion champion initiative is pretty much we have, um, we have a representative from each school who's, uh, who's been, um, chosen as their inclusion champion, who really has the responsibility of really sharing out all the different type of inclusive practices that are happening at your school. Uh, we meet with them quarterly and we'll be meeting with them in March. Uh, and in March, we're actually gonna be reviewing the data in terms of the inclusion. Rates and looking at different ways we can include improve their inclusion uh rates when it comes to students with disabilities so we're really looking forward to that and continuing that work as we uh end this year and uh start up for the next year. So, uh, we'll be staying on if you guys have any other questions, but we look forward to the presentation. OK. Um, Sabrina and I, Sabrina, if you don't mind monitoring the chat, and I will also monitor the chat. But right now what I'd like to do is I would like to introduce our presenters. We have two, fabulous presenters who have volunteered to, um, present tonight on um uh a topic that is near and dear to my heart, which is advocating for accommodation. And um they have a lot of experience with this. So I think that this is um amazing of them to do this. Loose Rapaport is a senior at Mount Holyoke College, where they study politics. They graduated from Cooper City High School in 2021. Where they were an honor roll and AP student. Luce is a Posse Foundation scholar, co-founder and treasurer of Accessibility Justice Club, treasurer of College Democrats, secretary of the Student Government Disability Committee, and an active member of the Jewish La Latin populations at MHC. They are writing their thesis about the effects of rank choice voting on voter turnout, conducting an independent quantitative analysis, while using research model that has not been previously utilized in this field of study. Upon graduation, Luce's goal is to attend graduate school, to pursue a master's in public policy and administration. Originally from Buenos Aires, Argentina, Luce moved with their family to South Florida in 2017. Carson Law is a senior at Mount Holyoke College, where they study critical social thought. They are originally from Portland, Oregon and have experienced private, public, I'm sorry? Private, public, and home education throughout their lifetime. Carson is co-founder and primary contact of Accessibility Justice Club, a leader of the Olive Tree Installation, which is a student-run protest art project, and a mentor and liaison for speaking, arguing, and writing center at MHC. He is currently writing his senior thesis on disabled life at Mount Holyoke using a narrative lens to provide an accessible means of theorizing about questions such as how does accessibility or lack thereof affect treatment of disabled people. How do disabled people grapple with the effects of inaccessibility and how do institutions, individuals, and those effective move forward from inaccessibility? Before MHC, Carson worked as a certified ASL interpreter and professional advocate for. Education access for disabled students in high school and higher education. Carson's goal is to study civil rights in law school and become a disability advocate, focusing on the rights of disabled students to have a say in the way their uh education is provided. So without further ado, let me introduce Carson and Luce. Thank you so much, Ellen for that wonderful introduction. Can you all hear us? Yeah, OK, cool. Uh, I'm gonna share my screen. Yeah, OK, so, hi, I'm Carson, and this is Luce. um, thank you, Ellen for the introduction. Um, we have our little introduction slides, which is the information that you pretty much just heard about us, so this is us, um, just to give you a little bit of an overview of how um this presentation is gonna go to give you an idea of of where we're gonna go with this presentation, um. We have this just agenda slide, um, we're gonna talk about advocacy and how that fits into accessibility and how that how that works for students, um, as well as reform, um, and how that can partner really well with advocacy and accessibility. Um, and provide some concrete suggestions for you all to take away about reform on the county level, and then we'll have some time for Q&A. Um, so if you have any questions come up as we're speaking, feel free to drop those in the chat and we'll review those, um, once we finish our presentation, um, and get all those questions answered. Um, so throughout the presentation, something that we're gonna do is introduce definitions of the topics that we're talking about, not for a lack of your understanding of them, but just so that we're all on the same page because words can of course take on a lot of meanings in different contexts. So we want to make sure we're all on the same page on when we're throwing a term out there like what it means to us, um, and so when we're saying advocate, what does that mean to us? Um, in this context, when we're talking about advocacy, we're talking about disability advocacy, um, and we define that as the act of protecting the well-being of individuals with disabilities by ensuring equal access to opportunities and services and promoting social and legal changes to improve lives. Uh, what we find really important about that definition particularly is that it's an, it's an ongoing process and it can be engaged with by anyone. Uh, advocacy is not just for someone disabled or someone caretaking for a disabled student, uh, but for anyone. Advocacy is a process that needs as many voices as possible to make the changes that we want to see. So self-advocacy, um, while your presence at this meeting demonstrates willingness to advocate for a student, can your student advocate for themselves? We understand that there's different levels of disability and different ages that can impede communication. However, we still strongly encourage everyone to communicate in whatever way they can, um, considering that they know best, right? You know yourself best, you're disabled students gonna know what their needs are best. Uh, not only should all disabled, uh, people be taught advocacy, but they should also have the resources and support to do so. So a good example of this is nonverbal or non-communicative students having an AAC device, um, or providing them with information so they can make a decision. Um, another example is how sometimes some methods of communication can be perceived as non-communication or non-collaborative, um, when that's the way that someone has a way to express themselves. So if A kid is throwing a tantrum that is still a method of self advocacy and self communication, but we can redirect that energy to work for their favor and for their benefit and have them succeed later on in life. Encouraging, so our thought here is kind of like encouraging any mode of self-expression, um, gives students and disabled people generally in in avenue for communication in the future. So when you respond to a child crying about something as understanding that that's a problem for them for some reason, um, you're giving them that avenue going forward to communicate that there's that they're experiencing distress. Right, um, so again, we understand that your students are minors, so there are limitations as to what they can or should, um, choose regarding their education. However, you should inform them whenever possible of any changes in plan, especially regarding their day to day educational environment. I know when I had a substitute teacher, uh, that would throw me off, um, so making sure that you're keeping, um. Open communications with not only your students but also the institutions so that you can update your student with whatever is happening. Um, and then again we want to emphasize giving your student the time and space to share, um, if anything's not working out for them, um, as everyone has a ways of communicating discomfort, distress and pain. This can look different for everyone, but brainstorming solutions, um, in which you can discuss which ways are the best to communicate or How you can support them, um, that would be the best case scenario, um, and then it's also important to know that eventually your kid will need to navigate the world even partly on their own, right? Um, so teaching and encouraging them to communicate when something is wrong will be vital for their own survival. Um, self advocacy can be anything from pushing back on ableism and school policy. Like we do here at Mount Holyoake to asking you to go to the restroom or requesting more assistance with a task. We really do promote a broader idea of self-advocacy as well, and how even small acts of asking for help are also a way of self advocating, but encouraging, even those small acts can promote and um positively reward the student to encourage them to continue doing such actions. So just to provide a little bit of context on how we do that in um our own lives and how we've seen that work in our communities, um part of the interpreting work that I do now, I don't work as an interpreter um like on site anymore, but um I do consulting work, uh, and one of the projects that I'm working on right now um with a consulting company that I work with is talking about best practices for educating students about advocating for themselves. It's something that we hear a lot from disabled people, um, and leaders in Schools is that students should be in their IEP meetings, which we strongly agree with, but having a student who maybe hasn't had to make decisions for themselves before, hasn't had to communicate their needs or hasn't been given the opportunity to do that, they're walking into these meetings without really any knowledge of how to participate, and that can be an even more dehumanizing experience to have all of these adults that you might trust, you might not talking about you without your input and waiting for you to say something, but not knowing what you can even say. Um, then which is could be more dehumanizing than not having a say at all. Um, so what we're working on right now is the best practices document on how to educate students about self advocacy and um going into a meeting, what you can say, what you can ask for, um, before sending those students into those meetings so that they have all the tools that they need to be able to communicate. Um, and that's similar to something that we do. Glu and I do at Mount Holyoke, um, which is provide students with the resources, um, that we know the school offers. We provide them with a list that we call the accommodation menu, um, of resources that the school can offer them so that when they go into their accommodation meetings, they know what they can ask for, and they don't have to invent it on the spot. Um, and if there's something that's not on that list that they want, we can also help them brainstorm solutions that might work for them, but having something to start with from the beginning can be really helpful. Yeah, it's important to note that the reason why we founded Accessibility Justice Club is because we saw a gap um in the way that our institution works around disability and really higher academia, but we're only in one institution, so there's only so much work we can do here. Um, when it comes to working with students, um, this really started because Carson was going to like all of our friends accommodation meetings, um, because oftentimes there was, there's generally not a school provided advocate or a school provided witness, uh, so you have students first. year, such as me not really knowing what their disability really looks like or what their needs might look like as someone who I didn't have a 504 or an IEP, um, I came to college, I discovered I was disabled and realized that I needed accommodations and I needed to make the system work for me. However, when I went into that first meeting, I did not know what was going on. I didn't have anyone to guide me and resources were not there for me. So what we're trying to prevent is that exact same thing. So not only do we provide the accommodations menu, but we also go into meetings with students or um we meet I have met with students prior to their meetings and we talk through what accommodations they know about and what accommodations they might want, um. Other things that we do um within AGC um we have done, we're all over, uh, we have done an array of different um movements in advocacy, and I think Carson explains it best, um, when it comes to the branches of advocacy. Um, so one of the things that kind of leads us into our next topic is, um, when something that's gonna come up kind of a lot through this presentation is giving people options, um, and that accessibility can really look like having all the information to make an informed decision. Um, and when we were providing students with all of the information that they needed, what kept coming up for us was a lot of institutional problems, um, and we're trying to solve these on an individual level of going with students to meetings, asking for changes for them, but when an issue keeps coming up repetitively, what we saw was a need for reform. Um, which is the next thing that we're gonna talk about. Um, so reform is what um is kind of larger changes, um, are While we agree and value of agree that self advocacy is important and value it, it also, we also believe that it shouldn't be the only route to disabled people being able to exist in space. It really should cover more of the gray area because each person does have individual needs. So no matter how much broader accessibility you have individuals are still going to have their own needs, um, and disabled people deserve to exist in any space and have those spaces built for them, um, and so that's the reform aspect that we really think is valuable. A great example of some um movements for reform that we have pushed for with AJC um we have made it so that the one accessible entrance to our library is unlocked during all of library hours rather than just 9 to 5. Uh, we have pushed for um the Um, modernizing of a variety of different buildings in our campus. Our school was built in 1837, so you can imagine not all of our buildings are the most accessible, um, and we're currently uh working really closely with uh the office or the division of life, uh, to possibly create a disability, um, student. Affinity space sorry, an affinity space, uh, so that disabled people and disabled students have a place to go to exist with other disabled people and living in community and live in a space that's built for them in a space where they don't have to fight to exist as often disabled people have to do in their day to day lives. Um, so while we encourage and really vouch for self advocacy, we also want to encourage you that along with advocating for your student, um, to advocate for broader reform, to advocate for broader changes, um, in your larger community and your county, um, and so I can talk a little bit more specifically about Broward County as uh an alum of Broward County, I went to Cooper City High School, um, and, um, while I didn't. Go through the 504 IP system. My sister is disabled and is currently in the system. So I do have a fair amount of knowledge about Broward County. Um, one of the couple of things that we would recommend that should really change and something that I've heard from multiple different students as well as uh parents, is consistency across class years, institutions, and towns. Um, in my city of Cooper City, there is there to no communication, uh, from elementary to middle school to high school, um, and there's also. Uh History, um, of the process depending on who the head of the ESC program is. So ensuring that there's consistency, not only for your sake as parents, so you don't have to fight every 3 or 4 years, um, but also for the students, um, having to jump around between integrated or not integrated classrooms, having to jump around between teachers, um, can be really isolating and really disruptive to a student's education. So making sure that the schools are working with the parents, um, and with the ESC support staff to ensure that the student is having consistent and smooth transitions is key. We would also advocate for equal distribution of resources, uh, locally and countywide. I understand that this is wider reform, um, but currently in one of my classes I'm studying, um, educational funding, and one of the things that we're talking about is neighborhood um educational funding and how Cooper City, the way that Cooper City High School is founded is by the property taxes on Cooper City. Um, however, you drive 20 minutes down the road and the school can be. Completely different in terms of resources, in terms of possibilities, in terms of their ESC program, even within the same town, the middle school and the high school look completely different when it comes to resources. So at least when it comes to ESC. Keeping some sort of equal distribution of resources or some consistency across, um, can also make it so that if the family has to move, the student can have that consistency as well. Um, you cannot predict that you're gonna be able to live for 12 years in the same city for whatever reason. Um, so ensuring that not only is your school funded, but that other schools have those resources as well, um, can not only prove beneficial to yourself but to the wider community. I have more. Um, so the next thing is clear and informed communication and consent. So again, as we've mentioned repeatedly, um, options are massive, um, when it comes to disability and really any sort of advocacy or anything, um. We would argue um that parents and students should always know and have a say on the students' well-being and education. Um, we have a lot of Spanish speakers in Broward County. We have a very high Latino population. I know I migrated um into the United States, and I have heard of experience after experience of schools not being willing to sit down and talk to the parents until they understood. Um, making sure that both the parent and the child know what's going on, um, can be very helpful and also consent, um, and making sure that everyone's on the same page when it comes to the child's education. Uh, we would also promote um active county level supervision and accountability, somewhat like, um, this, um. The panel that we're in right now, um, in the way that Broward County does have guidelines on ESC, however, as we've seen with the inconsistencies with leadership, uh, and inconsistencies in how the programs are managed, um, from talking with different parents and different families, I have also found some sort of um. Lack of stability and lack of uniformity across the different um ESC programs. So making sure that there's very active county level supervision can make sure that your student is getting the best of what they need. And finally, information and community access. Um parents and students should be informed of community and advocacy resources without barriers. So a great example would be if they're meeting, if they're going into an IEP or 504 meeting, them being offered a brochure that shares that this committee exists or that other community spaces exist. I know my family found this committee by when things weren't going well, uh, they went on Facebook and that's how they found it. It shouldn't have to go to that level where things are crashing down and that's when you find your community. Community should be there to create this reform to support advocacy and to support each other. Um, not only do we work with an advocacy, but we also host a biweekly teas, uh, disabilities, um, we still call them. To also provide students that sense of community, um, because everyone will be more empowered to push for reform and to push for advocacy and to push for the well-being of their students if they see everyone else seeing it. So making sure that these resources are very loud, very clear, can also be very helpful for the movement. Really as many opportunities for communication um as possible is is really central to creating accessibility. Um, so when we talk about having this kind of institutional reform, um, one of the things that we're looking for is universal design, um, because we talk about advocacy being to cover the gray area, which means before you get to that gray area, you should have kind of a more structural support for a variety of different experiences and backgrounds. Um, so the way that we would define universal design is a design and composition of an environment so that it can be accessed, understood, and utilized to the greatest extent possible by all people regardless of their age, ability, size, or disability, um, because universal design imagines a variety of life experiences and then establishes whatever system it is, whether that's a school or an event, um, or a classroom. To accommodate as many people as possible so that before you even walk in, you're able to, your life experience has been considered, um, and That I have, um, so. The benefit of that is that disabled people aren't the only people being targeted and able-bodied people aren't the only people being targeted, um, but rather you're thinking about a variety of life experiences and facilitating for that in mind, which is called the curb cut effect. Um, so we have this graphic here, um, which shows the curb cut, which is the kind of slope in the sidewalk, um, up to 8DA standards for wheelchair users, um, but you see throughout the image that all everything highlighted in orange, actually those people. are also benefiting from the curb cut, so you have a mother with a wheelchair, you have someone with a suitcase, someone pushing boxes on a dolly, and now all of these people are able to use the the sidewalk that was not previously built for them because the design was made with disabled people in mind, which ended up benefiting everyone. Um, so we encourage you to advocate for reform while it might take more time than just focusing specifically on an individual students' needs. Uh, in the long run, it benefits of a vast majority of students, uh, because there are people who aren't disabled but still benefit from universal design, who still benefit from an accommodation mindset and thinking of a variety of life experiences because maybe they're not in a wheelchair, but they have a baby and they're pushing them in a stroller, um, right, so there's these kind of designs that are built into the system that benefit everyone long term. Um, and when we're talking about, um, I actually lost my train of thought. Oh, inclusion, um, we're talking about inclusion, having a a thing such as universal design, having a thing such as the curb cut effect when you're normalizing certain accommodations or certain. Meeting everyone's needs and that becomes a normalized concept, um, can be really helpful when it comes to integration and inclusion of disabled students. If you don't make it feel like this is a special thing that has to be for this one student because they're special and different, even though every kid is special and different and wonderful, um. What can happen is not only can that normalize the experience for able-bodied and neurotypical students, but it also gives the student. Less of a sense of alienation. Being disabled can often feel very alienating considering that the world is largely not built for us. Um, so having such things as universal design as advocating for a curb cut effect can make it so that that sense of alienation is reduced because now it's not longer no longer a big spotlight that the student needs a ramp when other people are also using it. So when we talk about designing with accessibility in mind, um, we're thinking about it being as easy for someone with a different or non normative life experience to enter and exist in a space as it is for a quote unquote normative person. Um, so that applies to not just disability but a lot of different marginalized communities. We're thinking about is this space accessible for someone who is of who is not white, who is not cisgender, who is not heterosexual, who is maybe lower class, um, a great example of this in Broward County specifically is having some sort of Spanish translation or Spanish subtitles when there's some sort of presentation going on. is thinking about a lot of different life experiences and not just this quote unquote normative student, um, which ends up usually being an able-bodied white student. Um, and instead thinking about what a lot of different life experiences might look like and how those students are able to show up, enter the space and also exist in that space. Um, so accessibility is, is not just design and it's not just an individual students need. It's, it's thinking about, it's an ongoing process of considering a lot of different life perspectives, um, and then also incorporating those conclusions that you've come to about what someone's life might look like and how they're gonna be able to interact with your space going forward and incorporating that into your planning. Um, so, While universal design is really beneficial, it also has limits because there are individual people that have individual needs that are unique to them. Um, and this is where this idea of more broader accessibility in relation to choices as Luce has been talking about really comes into play. Um, one of the things that We really heavily advocate for in our our club Accessibility Justice Club is that everybody has access needs um and everybody has things that would make it easier for them to exist in a space. So at the end of the day what we need is to allow people to make the choice about whether a space is right for them or not. um, and to do that they need to have all the information. So something that we believe is really central to accessibility is having all of the information is publicizing all of the information, giving people all of the information they need to make an accurate decision for themselves. Uh, one of the ways that we practice that in our own club is we have these accessibility checklists, uh, that we publicize with our event posters. So, you know, we, we have our poster that's nice and pretty, and it says, you know, this is the date, this is the time, this is the place, here's what we're gonna be doing, um, and then we always follow it up with these two checklists that provide people with the information that they need to decide whether or not this is the right space for them. Um, so we'll think through the event. Think about a lot of different life experiences and check off the things that we're going to be providing or that we know the space incorporates. Um, I know as a part time wheelchair user who also uses my car as a mobility aid on campus, um, having this information before an event would mean that I could go out a lot more. I could socialize a lot more because I, I need to know whether or not. I can use a wheelchair if I need to, or, you know, if I have no choice and I have to use my wheelchair today, I don't know whether or not this is a space that has push buttons. Do I need to bring someone with me to help me get navigate through the space? Um, and that's something that I have to think about. All of these things that are on this list are things that I'm always thinking about before I go to an event. Um, and that's a huge burden for disabled people to carry. So when you're thinking about design, uh, you're thinking about the way that you're setting up a space, you're thinking about even just engaging with maybe your disabled student, thinking about giving them all of the information that they need to decide whether or not this is going to be comfortable for them, whether or not it's something that they want to expend energy on. And then there's two other things um that I also want to bring up. First of all, especially when the student is able to communicate what their needs are, letting the student communicate what their needs are, letting them know what the context is, and letting them make decisions. Um, I know both Carson and I have experience where someone tells us like, no, it's gonna be accessible for you. What does that mean? You don't need, you don't know exactly what my needs are gonna be now or what my needs are gonna be that same day. Only I can advocate for myself and only I know what I truly need. Um, so making sure that your student has that context can also be really helpful. And then on the other hand, even if the event is mandatory, um, because one big thing they're emphasizing here is you can choose whether to go to the event or not, but I'm thinking like a school assembly. The students should be able or The family member or the uh teacher should be able to prepare the student as to what they're about to encounter. So if they're about to go into a high sensory space where um speech and questions are not welcome, when they're about to go into a very quiet space, um, or a very loud assembly. I know in Cooper City we had these um pep rallies in the gym, and those were incredibly overstimulating. Even if the student doesn't have a choice whether they want to go or not, they can at least mentally prepare themselves. The way that even no typical people like to prepare themselves in front of a pre like before a presentation at work, um, giving students that knowledge can help them deal with having these situations and also doesn't make them feel um. Ignored, um, or alienated where when they know what's going on, um, uh, Carson mentioned earlier and there's a specific word that you used, um, about like the student not being included in IEP meetings. Um, dehumanize? Yes, um, oftentimes, um, when you're just being dragged from place to place and you don't know what's going on and you don't know where you're being taken and you're not being told anything, it could be very dehumanizing. So making sure that even if the student doesn't really have a choice, like sometimes assemblies you just kind of have to go, but telling the student what's going on, where they're going for, how long they're going, what the space is gonna look like, what the seating arrangement might look like, are we sitting at the front or are we sitting at the back? Um, can also alleviate conflict and alleviate the response of the student might have, especially if they have a negative response, um, to such a situation, and also giving them as many choices as possible within that situation, which maybe is where are we sitting, what time are we going, when are we taking a bathroom break, etc. etc. um, again it comes back to providing all of the information as you can so that everyone's on the same page and everyone's well informed. Um, so something that Luz had kind of brought up touched on before, uh, is integration, and this is something that I found very central to my experience working with, uh, deaf and disabled students, uh, in high school settings when I was an interpreter, um, is that access isn't enough. um, getting them physically into a space, giving them an interpreter isn't enough to give them the same educational experience as everyone else. Um, and I think, uh, J Logansmill just brings this up in his book Curt Negativity, um. In a way that I think is is really beneficial that um you have to have you accessible design is important because people do deserve to be able to enter and navigate a space, uh, but integration is what's really central as well, because at times, uh, as he says in this quote that I pulled, he wanted less access, uh less energy expended accommodating him into a into a community that exploited his disability as an opportunity to ossify superiority, um, and it's put in a little bit more simple language in the next slide, um, but basically that. In a given space, there is a social norm of ability. Um, no one is expected to be disabled, and when you put a disabled student in a classroom, it's very noticeable that they're disabled because the space assumes that all of the students are able bodied, um, and what we forget about when we think about universal design, when we think about physical accessibility of a room, uh, or even just giving someone choices, is that when they get to that space, how will they be treated? How does ability operate as a social norm? How does disability stand out as a deviation from that social norm? How does that social norm inform the ablest cultures that we're throwing these students into, um, that we just expect them to integrate into and if they don't have friends, that's a them problem when really we've thrown them in with no prior information with no prior um establishment of any of any systems for them. Uh, so an important part of access is not just that entrance, but the ease in existing in the space. What makes it easy for an able-bodied student to exist in a space, and how can we replicate that on a number of levels for the disabled students when we send them into those spaces. Um, so an important thing to consider when a disabled student enters the classroom is what messages are being sent to both them and their peers about their presence in that space. Um, what comes to mind for me, having worked in interpreting is when I would go into a classroom with disabled students, uh, the able-bodied students that were their peers were very rarely educated about disability, very rarely educated about deafness, um, so they just have this new peer all of a sudden that they've never seen before and that automatically registers in their minds as weird or or different. Um, and the, the teacher very rarely also had education on what it was like to use an interpreter and to engage with deaf students. Um, and so while they might engage with the students sometimes for the most part they were defaulting to me as an interpreter. And the not only as an interpreter but also as like a classroom aid as kind of a pseudo teacher for these students. Um, they put all the deaf students at one table in the corner and then I facilitated that table, and that was the expectation of this classroom that was supposed to be integrated. It was supposed to be a mainstream experience for these students, but it wasn't, because from the way that they were physically placed in the room at the separate table to the way that the teacher didn't interact with them, that communicated a lot to their peers about how those students should be treated. Um, and it made it very difficult for all of my deaf students to become friends with their able-bodied peers because their able-bodied peers were subliminally communicated all these messages about how they were different or they were weird or they were other, um, and those are questions that we need to be thinking about when you're putting students in the space, what is even the physical space you're placing them in communicating to their peers about them. Um, is it communicated that they're an outsider? Is it emphasized that they're different or special, or are they just another student? And how is disability taught to their their able-bodied peers before they even enter that space? And I think having a conversation about disability is a natural variation in human life is a really valuable thing to teach students before they even meet a disabled person, because we don't know what messages about disability are being communicated to them in advance, um, whether that's at home or from previous experiences, um. Or even if they've had, you know, negative interactions with a sibling who's disabled and they hold that resentment, like those are things that should be addressed before we make it a disabled students problem and we mainstream them, um, and making sure that teachers are well educated on uh disability so that they are able to integrate students. So when it comes to integration, a couple of other things, a couple of other examples, um, I'm 22 and in college, and I have a classroom where because I have accommodations for a chair, uh, because I take 3 hour long seminars because I'm 22 and in college, um, they set up a completely different table in a corner with a with a little chair that's Luss table and chair. Um, and I use it because it's what accommodates me and also the way the room is set up is that it's one large table and me in the corner. What's up with that? It's, it's not just a, um, problem for, for minors. It's also a problem for adults who that continues into college, it continues into the workplace, um, because these ideologies about disability and ability and Hierarchy and values and the body are all throughout our society and that informs the way that we structure our spaces. And an example relevant to Broward County, I know from talking to families of specific cases where the student was integrated and by that they mean that even though they were in the classroom physically, um. Specifically this one student that I have in mind, they were in a US history classroom. The teacher was teaching US history. They were in a separate table in the corning, in the corner, learning how to write, um, so not even engaging with the content, not even. Being integrated in the classroom, they were just having a different class in the same physical space. So that's not integration, that's not true integration, that's still isolating the student. So at that point, what is most productive? Would it be most productive for that student to be in a different classroom where they can be free of other um. Distractions and learn how to read or write, or would it be best for the student to be taking that history class with the syllabus adapted to their needs, um, and with that, with the pair of working with them to accommodate the syllabus and working with the teacher to accommodate it, um, because even though the student was in the classroom and integrated, were they? Um, if they were just sitting in a corner learning completely different material. I'm sure if I'm sharing with audio. This is the video. It's not a video, um, there's a, there's a link to the video, so, um, this is a really wonderful um lecture kind of question answer um with uh disability justice activist Mia Mingus, um, called Beyond Access, and she talks about not just giving students but generally disabled people access to a space that they don't want to be in. Um, so kind of similar to J. Logan's Mil just talking about like what, what are we giving disabled people access to when we design a building with universal accessibility, when we put in ramps, what are those people walking into? Um, and she says we're not just doing access for the sake of access, it's not about getting physically into a space and sitting there. We're doing, we're not just doing access for assimilation, and we're not just fighting to get access to the horrible system, the current system that we have. Um, because in many ways it is that it is, it is a horrible system for disabled people often. Um, we're doing access that moves us beyond access towards the world that we actually want, um, by putting disabled people into a space, we should be making it a space that's safe for disabled people. Um, so you should be having those conversations in advance of putting a disabled student into a classroom, so that all of those students can be supportive of their disabled peers, so that they understand how to engage with disability, so that we can have, as the Amiga says, justice and liberation, access for the sake of deeper connection and breaking isolation, because even though we're centering this. System on this one disabled student and we're having these conversations so that this disabled student can enter that space. There are going to be other students that have similar experiences that have disabilities that go unnoticed until college like loose or disabilities that are just not acknowledged yet by the medical system or by the school system, um, like neuro divergency often goes unnoticed. And when you're having those conversations, it gives students the space to communicate what their own life experience looks like and ask for the help that they need, um, and that's, that's huge for students that that changes their entire academic career, um, to have those conversations and break that isolation down and not have disability to be something that they need to hide, but that they've seen form connections with their peers with this new student that's coming in, um, with their with their teachers about conversations about disability. Um, so having that integration mindset creates a better space for everyone to be a part of, which kind of goes back to the whole curb cut universal design, and all comes full circle. So something that I want to emphasize before we close, um. I want to acknowledge that it can often sound as though. Or When I was talking about reform, it could sound as though I was criticizing Broward County. That isn't necessarily the goal. What we're trying to do here is demonstrate how there's no progress without criticism. There's no problem, there's no progress without recognizing what Issues need to be fixed. And so while Broward County is currently doing a great job um in whatever ways they can uh they can, there's still long ways to go. The same way that I can praise our university as much as I want, um, on the progress and the ways in which they've accommodated us, there's still ways to go. And so not looking at this as Oh, we're just sinking and there everything is wrong, but rather we've done all these things, all these things have worked. We know that there's progress that has been done. What can be done further to promote inclusion, to promote um accessibility, and to promote self-advocacy. And that is our presentation. Thank you for listening. That was, that was incredible. Um, that was really, um, just eye-opening for me anyway, and some of the things that you shared were just amazing. Um, I really love the checklist for the space. I think that that is something that can certainly be incorporated. Um, is there any way, yeah, we're getting so inspiring. Thank you. Um, do you guys have any personal stories that you are comfortable sharing about how you guys advocated, um, for yourselves for accommodations that you got to help you gain access to a space? Yeah, um, there's a, one, truly, um, I think. Oh, a great one. so Carson uses their car as a mobility aid, um, and I didn't know that this was an option, um, until I met Carson, um, and then this past year I got a car, and the thing about our school with as most universities parking is that like parking is like really isolated and in a corner and like you're not really supposed to use your car to move around, especially because we live in a residential campus that's all a mile um from corner to corner. Um, however, I found that Um, in my day to day, I was experiencing severe brain fog, severe pain in going to class, going to work. Um, so I started asking the school about a school disability pass, um, cause I don't, I didn't have a diagnosis, so I couldn't go to the state and request a disability parking pass at that time. Um, and what I got back was that the school needed a letter of approval from the Massachusetts RMV, which is the DMV but whatever they call it different because they're special, um, that said that I was being approved for disability placard. Come to find out that's not a thing. Um, I called the RMV and I was like, hey, so is this a thing? Like if I submit, if I get a diagnosis and I submit, is there any way that I can get this letter? And what they said is that they that hadn't been a thing since 2020. Um, and so I went back to the university and I was like, OK, so that's not a thing. Um, that's not how that works anymore. Um, what are we doing about this? And so in that process, we actually got the policy changed to where now a student can directly provide documentation to the school and they will work with the student to get them a student disability pass. Um, I, I still got the state license uh placard, but um. In any case, um, That's one of the cases in which I encountered a barrier and even though I got it fixed for myself, I kept calling and emailing and I was like, hey, is this issue resolved? Like I kept checking in because I realized that if this issue isn't, if I'm having this problem, I can't imagine how many other students are. I can't imagine how many other students aren't able to use their car as a mobility aid even though it might be incredibly helpful because Disability services decided that they needed a paper that is no longer part of the process of obtaining a disability placard. Um, I, I think that that's one example for me. I think. Some things that come to mind for me with self-advocacy are one not trusting yourself to do it all on your own. I always, always, always recommend that disabled students bring a friend, bring a parent, bring an advocate, bring a professor, bring someone with you to these one on one meetings where your accommodations are verbally approved or denied, um, because having even just a witness is a huge deal, but also having someone for emotional support, um, I'm usually the person that people then bring. I say you should bring someone. I say, what about you? Um, and so I, I, I go a lot of the times, um, but I also always bring someone, and there have been times where I thought I'm such a good advocate, I could do it on my own. I could not do it on my own. It's it's it's nothing else, it tends to be emotionally distressing to be going and asking someone in power who has the power to say no to you for things that you need just to get through your day to day life. um, and so having someone there with you to validate the fact that what you're asking for is not too much. What you're asking for is very much within. The institutional resources that you contribute to by paying tuition, by paying taxes, um. And so, so always having someone with you is a big one for me and advocating for myself, um, having, having a sense of um Having a sense of self-confidence in knowing that you deserve what you're asking for, and even if that's having a conversation with a friend, another disabled friend or a mentor in advance, being like, am I, is what I'm asking for too much, um, and bringing someone else your fears before you go into that meeting. Um, is, is really big because like it's, it's hard to say I need these things that it seems like no one else needs. I need these things that other people can succeed without and not leave that space feeling like you are worth less than other people or you're not as qualified as other people, when really the, the, a lot of times the accommodations that I'm asking for something that I tend to tell people is that they're not. Even tangible resources, right? I'm not asking for, uh, I'm not even asking them to fix the buildings. I'm asking for a teacher to not change my grade because I showed up late, because the elevator's delayed because they don't have accessible parking, because they only have one accessible parking spot and someone else took it. Like, the things that I, that you, a lot of times you end up asking for as accommodations are, are mindset changes. It's a perspective shift. Um, and asking. For that perspective shift is actually not just helping me, that's helping people generally. This idea that lateness is unprofessional or makes you unqualified is, is, it's a mindset change, right? Um, and it is exclusionary to a lot of people. So when I'm going in and asking for that accommodation, it's actually not asking for too much and it's not a strain on institutional resources cause it's, it's telling a professor not to look down on me for not being able to navigate the. Campus. Something that we've experienced a lot has been reassuring each other and reassuring other students like, no, like you're just you're good like you your disability is valid and what you're requesting is not insane and it's within the guidelines of the university and it makes sense, um, especially when it comes to something that doesn't require resources, but even if it does, how many resources are scarce? Um, something that I think a lot about, um, I have a note taker accommodation, so in all of my courses there's a note taker, um, that like a student that gets hired and paid, um, to take notes for that class, um, because sometimes I don't have the physical capability to get to get to class or I'm physically there but not mentally, and so I need someone else to take the notes for me for whatever reason, right? For a long time, I felt really guilty about this accommodation. And then first of all, I'm providing a student a job, so that's a benefit in the first place. But in the second place, I'm not taking the resource away from anyone else. If anything, there are now archives of notes of this class that other students can access. Um, it's also if a student receives a note taker halfway through the semester because they didn't realize they would need it, they still have a history of those notes as far as they might need it. Um, so, realizing that most resources aren't as scarce at some institutions make them seem, uh, can be really helpful, um, and then even if a request seems unreasonable, um, still ask for it. Um, I think a great example of this, um, we have a lot of housing issues, uh, here at Mount Holyoke College, my beloved alma mater, um, because all of our buildings are very old. And so for summer placement, I was put in a building with no elevator on the second floor, and I told them, hey, I cannot live there, um, and they were like, well, you kind of have to because the other option was the 5th floor, um, and I had to recruit a team of 6 different people to help me move into the room. By the time that the summer ended, I realized like I Everyone is home. I need to move before everyone else moves in. What am I gonna do? So I sat with disability services and I told them. You need to help me cause otherwise I'm not moving, like unless you want to replace me into this room for this semester. I don't know what to tell you. Um, so very fortunately, disability services was willing to work with me and sent people from facilities with a truck to help me move. Now at first I remember speaking with Carson and being like this is so unreasonable, I should just hire movers, and then I realized that it was $500 to move maybe all of half a mile. And not worth it. So, but by my self advocacy and by my not pushing myself, because the other option was for me to try to move alone or with one or two other people, which would have been, I have a mini fridge like that would have been the wrong choice, um, and then bring it to a third floor in the other building, um, instead by having not only the support to reassure me that this is something that I need and something that I deserve and something that is helpful in that. Asking isn't harmful. Um, remembering that even asking for access is within your rights, and even though an institution might not have a history of doing something, they can start doing it, um, oftentimes, um, so we've had, we've heard of accommodations being created for students because even though that wasn't something that was provided before, a student had a need and they communicated that need and the institution was willing to work for them. So making sure that that reform also includes flexibility, um, and that the institution is willing to work with families and students to accommodate them as needed is really key. Also I'm gonna stop screen sharing. Um, So I'm seeing some questions in the chat. Someone had asked earlier um how to get access to the document about best practices for sending students to IIP meetings. Um, it's still very much in process, um, it's the result of a think tank with whole child consulting, um, which is where I work, um, and so when we get a finalized document, I will reach out to Ellen, um, and make sure that you're able to get access to it. Um, as for at what age, um, students should start participating in IP meetings, I saw Ellen give an answer. I agree, as really as young as possible, as young as they're able to communicate to you their preferences about school, if they're coming home and telling you what happened in the classroom that day and that they felt left out or that their teacher said something to them that or gave them an assignment that didn't work for them. Um, then they have input to share. They have valuable input to share, um, and participating in IEP meeting might not look like having a 3 year old sit through an hour-long meeting at the end of the school day. Maybe that looks like talking to them in advance, taking notes on the things that they are telling you, because even a 3 year old has valuable input, um, and then that to the meeting, um, but my, my daughter taught at the Colorado School for the Deaf and blind. And she used to get input from her 3 year olds and bring that to the meeting. And it was very valuable information. And I advocate now. And whenever I advocate, I always insist that my kids come to the meeting, at least for the accommodations portion, if they're able. Um, if they're not, we, uh, talk to before the meeting, and we try to get their input, what works for you, what doesn't work for you, what do the teachers do to help you so we can bring some input into the meeting from the kid. Because we find that when the team unilaterally makes decisions for the kid, a lot of times it doesn't work because the kid knows what's best for the kid. So we try to get input from the kid to help the kid. And the younger you start them, the more productive those meetings are gonna be as they get older, when the challenges are more complicated when you're talking about accommodations and SAT um testing when you're talking about, um, like, you know, much longer classes when you're talking about lab experiments, knowing, having that student have a life of experience of sitting in these meetings, knowing how it goes, knowing who the people in these meetings. knowing that their input is valuable, um, they're going to be able to communicate much more effectively than they are if at 12 years old, suddenly you start throwing them into these meetings. And even if they're not explicitly able to communicate, oftentimes if your kid starts to hate going to school, when they've historically not had an issue going to school, then you can kind of tell that something's wrong. So then talking with the teacher, talking with the people that are surrounding the student in the classroom to figure out what can be adjusted, what can be adapted, is still a method of communication from the student. Um, it's still what they can do to communicate their discomfort and what their needs are, and it's kind of your responsibility as a parent to. Accommodate for those. Um, I did notice that someone unmuted. I don't know if we have other questions. Give me one second. I would like to introduce Jackie Goddard and give her, because she's got to get back to another meeting, so I would like to give her a chance to introduce herself and just speak for um 2 minutes, OK? Jackie? Hi everyone, Jackie Luskin for ESE advisory purposes. I'm just Jackie Jackie Goddard on um on our Facebook page. Hi everyone, I'm the chair of ESC advisory. Thank you for being here. Um, I'm sure it's been a great meeting. Um, I'm not actually in another meeting now. I had a clash. Um, and, uh, just really want to encourage folks to, um, also pay attention to our ESC advisory page on Facebook. Um, we, we post a ton of news and information and updates um on there. There's a very Important school board workshop meeting coming up next week, which I could really use people mobilizing on and sitting up and pricking their ears up their proposals to realign all the district advisories, um, this proposal parachuted out of nowhere, um, hit me like a ton of bricks. And I could really, really use folks speaking up for advisory. We speak up for, um, for you folks, and um, Uh, if you could just take a peek at our Facebook page, that would be lovely. Our next meeting, our meetings are always, um, the 3rd Wednesday of every month in person. Um, and, uh, we always post those on our Facebook page and our web page as well. And you should all, if your parents of students with, um, either an IEP or a 504, you should receive, um, Uh, emails prompting about that. Um, and also I see the ESE department has sent out the, um, annual, uh, state ESE survey. Um, you should have all had that on your, um, email lately, and I'll post on our page again too. It is really, really, really important because, um, each school, uh, you can provide feedback on your school and the ESE, um, uh, services that you receive. And it's so important to, um, take part because that survey kind of only Counts. I, I unless ESE staff can tell me otherwise and that the rules have changed. But there has to be a certain, um, percentage of parents actually respond to that email for each school, uh, for that feedback to kind of count and actually register on the, on the state's radar. So do take part. Um, it's really important to advocate and keep voicing. Um, as always, we celebrate all the great things that happen in Brown schools, and I'm grateful to staff, but there's also a lot to fix. Um, and it's only through, um, dialogue and collaboration, um, and just communication that we can do that. So please stand up for your advisory and, um, do take a peek at our Facebook page. I've posted more on there about it. Thanks, everybody, and thanks, Ellen for running a what I'm sure was a great meeting. It's been amazing. OK. Thank you. Um, anybody else have any questions for Carson and Luose? Um, can we get a copy of that, um, checklist, the for the for the access to the Yeah, the access to the, yeah, that, that just that that is amazing. That is so awesome. This is one of those chances where I get to show off my best friend. Um, Carson actually made those, um, and they also made a document that goes along with it that explains each and every single option, um, and goes into more details like what is low stimuli versus high stimuli. So, um, yeah, we can absolutely share that. OK, I've actually got a question here. Um, this is more like a Sabrina question. It says, what do you do when the school keeps sending the child home or asks you to keep the child home without documenting as a suspension or anything. I'm gonna tell you right now, whoever that's Melissa Melissa, the school is not to do that. Um, if the school suspends the child, um, that's one thing, but the school is not to ask you to pick the child up. They are not to send the child home without any documentation. That is not something that they should be doing. So Sabrina, if you want to touch on that. Yes, Jackie, did you want to speak first? No, I'll go after you. Thanks, Ellen, but I, um, I do have a, sorry, Sabrina. I do have a couple of things to say as well, but you go first. OK, so I think one of the things that we were recommending is that anytime there is a suspension, there's a document called a notice of suspension. So, a very easy way to, um, you know, get that additional information and know as Ellen is saying that this was an actual suspension is to say, you know, I'd like to come in and review the referral and the notice of suspension, and you should be able to receive that. Information and paperwork. We do, uh, recommend, and I know that Ellen put it in the chat that if you are having that type of situation that you reach out to our office so that um we can uh work with you with the school to see, you know, why that is happening and help you navigate that. Yeah, the, the very top, there is a link to it says uh uh formsoffice.com. Um, click on that and put in your um your issue and the the district will get back to you. Um, Ellen, if I may, I just wanna add, I met with the superintendent last week and we went through a number of um issues and had a really, really good, uh, positive, constructive meeting, and this was exactly one of the issues. Anybody who's been to ESE advisory knows I bring this up pretty much every single meeting. The fact that it still goes on is not excusable. So, um, the trouble is, Sabrina, um, as we know, some schools do call mom or dad and say, Hey, take your kid home. But, so there isn't a notice of suspension, because they, they're not, they don't consider it kind of a suspension. They don't realize that what they're doing is effectively a suspension. Even when kids are being suspended, there is not necessarily paperwork being done. There's been a number of cases where parents can't even get referrals. I've sent them back to say, um, you know, you need to have paperwork for there to be a suspension. So there's two different things going on. There's a suspension for which there needs to be paperwork. And then there's the practice of um calling parents to say, come take your kid home, and, you know, we You know, having a bad day and, and we can't cope or, you know, um, which is, is not a suspension, but it kind of is an illicit suspension and should not be happening. So I did say to the, uh, superintendent, like, it feels like just one even really easy fix for that would just be to ensure that every single principal has a memo that says make sure every single member of your. Staff knows that this cannot be done. This practice needs to stop. Everybody from the front office staff up to the APs and the and the principal. Um, and he was not averse to that, um, to, to just the idea of, like, putting in writing as a reminder and a prompt to start really drilling down on that, because there shouldn't be a single case of that happening. And I'm so sorry to hear of folks that it's still happening too. OK, thank you. Thank you so much. Anyway, um, Does anybody else have um a question for Carson or Luce? Because if not, I want to thank them so much for this presentation. It was enlightening. It was amazing. I, I mean, I learned a lot from it about how to advocate for accommodations, and I've been doing this for like 40 years, and Seriously, I, I just, I just thought it was a wonderful, wonderful presentation. So thank you guys so much for doing this. I did wanna um say that it appears as though Beth had a question. I just wanted to give them the chance um to ask. You can um unmute yourself and just ask. Yeah, I, I did have a question. I don't know if anybody has the answer. Um, my, my kids are new to the school district this year, and I've had a major issues with the special needs transportation, um. Uh, the, the way it works here is so different because in in Georgia where we moved from, they actually have a special needs transportation line that specializes in that, but here you go through the ESC specialist and they can't even really uh assist you on the regular transportation line when you're having issues, but I basically my, my issue is they drop my daughter off 150 ft away from my house, which requires her to cross the street, which she can't do. Um, she's autistic. And I've put in the request numerous times, which they keep denying, to just drive her the extra 150 ft to the front door of the house. And it's just been a back and forth, no man's land, and I don't understand. They've even threatened to fire the bus driver because she was dropping off in front of the house and they found out and they threatened the bus driver. Um, to fire her if she does that. So, and, and somebody and they're requiring somebody to be there at the corner while I'm working to pick her up when they, you know, I don't, I, I don't know if there's a better way with the special needs transportation to go about this, but there's literally no reason for them to deny the request for 150 ft. Yeah. OK, so again, this is a um this is a district, it's a personal, so I would fill out the form. On that link, um, and the district hopefully will get back to you. Sabrina, do you agree with that? Yes, cause, um, obviously there's probably a couple of different factors that we would wanna, you know, ask, and I wouldn't want to do that on a recorded meeting, but yes, that would be great if you can fill out the form. Thank you. survey? Yeah, that survey is actually like a parent request form so that somebody from our department would reach back in and assist you. Oh, OK, that I, I wasn't aware of that. Thank you. Yeah. Could I just add, add as well, um, as um the ESC folks, um, department are great at fixing the ESC problems, and then when there's an accountability issue, sort of going back and saying, well, what went wrong and who didn't give proper customer service there, there's also a system of regional superintendents. So I would strongly urge you to also email them. So there's that two-pronged approach, and then Um, fixes are made, um, efficiently by the ESC department. They're, they're very responsive. Um, but Sabrina, I think you would agree, like, you don't get to then go back to the transport department and say, well, why this or why that, or, you know, the, the regional superintendents encourage us to, um, also go to them so they can take that look as well at what went wrong on any other. Sort of avenue of um of accountability too, so that's always good I would say too with transportation, um, you know, I'm not sure if it's north, south, central, there is like a uh like a supervisor at that transportation. Because the the the regional superintendents don't actually um oversee the transportation department. That's the only reason I'm suggesting that that, um, but, uh, there usually is, so that's why I'm just suggesting that they might be able to connect to the person. I could also probably connect um with the transportation because what we would wanna make sure too is that the information that we're, you're getting is like actually coming from like that level and not somebody making a decision. At a lower level. So I do agree with what Jackie's saying like that sometimes we definitely, to her point, you know, we don't supervise those staff, so sometimes you do need to reach out um to a regional superintendent and I, I would say maybe even in this case, um looking at like a supervisor in the transportation department as well. I, I think, uh, yeah, I think there is an issue over the transportation department and where it sits in terms of lines of authority and communication, um, and, and that is a common issue. So I think it sounds like this parent has had quite a lot of uh back and forth. My email, um, as the ESC chair is ESE.chair@gmail.com. And anybody is very welcome to um email me for any um pointers as to how you find who those regional superintendents are, which region you're in, and just making sure those um that you get to the right folks there. I can help with that. Hey, Jackie, maybe you could put your email in the chat. Oh, I'll do it. Thank you. Thank you ladies. I really appreciate the advice and the help. Yeah, do please email. Thank you. It's DSC chair at It's ESE. Chair@gmail.com. Got it. Thanks, Ellen. Got it. OK. All right, so if We don't have any questions. That would be the end of the presentation for tonight. Again, Carson and Luce, thank you so much for your wonderful presentation. Thank you, um, Jackie, for helping out at the end with a couple of suggestions. Um, Doc Leo and Sabrina, thank you also for, uh, coming and, um, presenting, uh, on the district updates. Um, I hope everybody. Got a lot out of this presentation as as I did. Um, certainly, I got a lot out of this presentation. I thought it was absolutely wonderful. Um, this, this, uh, presentation has been recorded, so when I get the recording back from Doc Leo, I will post it on the ESC Facebook page and on the Meaningful Inclusion Facebook page. Carson and Luose, if you want me to send you a copy of the recording, I'll be happy to do that. Um, And if nobody else has any other questions, um, we can just say goodnight and sign off. Thank you so much for having us. Thank you. You're welcome. Thank you for being here. OK. Take care, everybody. Have a good night. Good night,